Federal Housing Assistance Programs: Everything You Need to Know

Housing Assistance Programs: How to Get Help Paying Rent and Utilities

Struggling to keep up with housing costs is one of the most stressful financial challenges a family can face. Whether you are behind on rent, facing eviction, or simply unable to afford a stable home, there are government-funded and nonprofit housing assistance programs designed to help. This guide walks you through the major options available so you can find the relief you need.

Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program

The Housing Choice Voucher Program, commonly known as Section 8, is the federal government's largest rental assistance program. Administered by local Public Housing Authorities (PHAs), it helps low-income families, the elderly, and people with disabilities afford safe housing in the private market.

Participants typically pay 30% of their monthly income toward rent, while the voucher covers the remainder directly to the landlord. Eligibility is based on income limits set at 50% or below the area median income (AMI). Because demand is very high, many PHAs maintain long waiting lists—sometimes years long—so it is important to apply as soon as possible.

Public Housing

Public housing is government-owned residential housing offered at reduced rents to low-income families, seniors, and people with disabilities. Unlike Section 8, where you find your own housing, public housing units are owned and managed by local PHAs.

Rent is typically set at 30% of the tenant's adjusted gross income. To apply, contact your local PHA and ask about available units and current wait times. Income limits vary by location but generally target households earning below 80% of the AMI.

Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA)

The Emergency Rental Assistance program provides short-term funds to renters who have fallen behind due to financial hardship, job loss, or health emergencies. Funds can cover up to 18 months of past-due rent and utilities in some cases.

ERA programs are administered at the state, county, and city level, so eligibility requirements vary. Generally, applicants must demonstrate financial hardship and have a household income at or below 80% of the AMI. Search for your local ERA program through the U.S. Department of the Treasury's website or call 211 for local referrals.

HUD-Approved Housing Counseling

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) funds approved housing counseling agencies that provide free or low-cost advice on renting, buying, foreclosure prevention, and homelessness. A HUD-approved counselor can help you understand your options, negotiate with landlords or lenders, and connect you with local assistance programs.

You can find a HUD-approved agency near you at hud.gov or by calling 800-569-4287.

LIHEAP: Help With Utility Bills

The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) helps low-income households pay heating and cooling costs, which can be a major portion of housing expenses. Benefits may cover home energy bills, energy crisis assistance, and weatherization to improve home energy efficiency.

LIHEAP is administered by states, so benefit amounts and eligibility requirements vary. Contact your state energy office or local community action agency to apply. Income limits typically range from 60% to 150% of the federal poverty level depending on your state.

Homeless Shelters and Transitional Housing

If you are currently unhoused or at immediate risk of homelessness, local shelters and transitional housing programs can provide a safe place to stay while you work toward permanent housing. The HUD Continuum of Care (CoC) program funds shelters and transitional housing across the country.

To find shelter near you, call 211 (available in most U.S. states), visit 211.org, or contact your local social services department. Many shelters also offer case management, job training, and referrals to other support services.

State and Local Housing Programs

Beyond federal programs, many states and localities offer their own rental assistance, down payment help, and homelessness prevention initiatives. Examples include:

• State Rental Assistance Programs that supplement or replace federal ERA funding

• Homelessness Prevention funds for families at risk of eviction

• Down Payment Assistance grants for first-time homebuyers with low to moderate incomes

• Mortgage assistance programs for homeowners facing foreclosure

Contact your state's housing finance agency or department of housing to learn what's available in your area.

How to Apply for Housing Assistance

Applying for housing assistance can feel overwhelming, but breaking the process into steps makes it manageable. First, gather your documents including proof of income, identification, lease or rental agreement, and evidence of financial hardship. Next, contact your local PHA, 211 helpline, or community action agency to learn which programs you qualify for. Submit applications to as many programs as possible, since many have long waitlists. A HUD-approved housing counselor can help you navigate applications and improve your chances of approval.

Final Thoughts

Housing assistance programs exist because stable housing is foundational to health, employment, and overall wellbeing. If you or someone you know is struggling with rent or housing costs, do not wait—reach out today. Programs fill up fast, and the sooner you apply, the sooner you can access the help you deserve.